Moisture gets into brake fluid in several ways

Brake fluid and moisture (water)

Brake fluid is hygroscopic, which means it tends to absorb moisture from the surrounding environment. The intrusion of moisture into your car’s brake system is a gradual but inevitable process that can significantly compromise the effectiveness of the brakes. But how exactly does moisture find its way into an automotive brake system?

Moisture paths of entry to the brake system

In theory, an automotive brake system is a sealed system. In reality, there are several places where moisture can enter the system. Here’s where moisture enters a brake system.

Breather Holes In the Master Cylinder Reservoir Cap allow moisture to enter the brake fluid

The cap on the master cylinder reservoir has a rubber diaphragm inside that’s designed to seal the master cylinder and keep moisture out. However, as your brakes wear and the caliper pistons extend out farther, the fluid level in your reservoir drop, creating a vacuum under the cap. That causes the diaphragm to get sucked down into the reservoir. At a certain point, breather holes in the diaphragm allow air into the reservoir to relieve the vacuum  on the diaphragm. That incoming air contains moisture and it’s instantly absorbed by the brake fluid

Rubber seals are slightly permeable, allowing moisture to combine with the brake fluid

Just like tires that loose air over time due to rubber permeation, the rubber hoses and seals in a brake system are also slightly permeable, allowing for minute amounts of moisture to seep in over time, especially as they age and wear.

Metal porosity in caliper and wheel cylinder pistons, along with corrosion around dust seals  allow moisture to enter brake fluid

Caliper pistons and wheel cylinders carry moisture into the brake fluid

Both the caliper and wheel cylinder contain a “dust boot” designed to seal out dust and moisture. However, the rubber boot grips to the cast iron caliper or wheel cylinder. Over time, the cast iron ridge develops corrosion and the seal is no longer airtight, allowing moisture to contact the caliper piston and wheel cylinder piston. Porosity in the piston can carry moisture past the caliper’s square-cut O-ring seal or the wheel cylinder’s piston cup. That moisture is instantly absorbed by the brake fluid.

Corrosion on the wheel cylinder-to-sealing boot allows moisture to enter the wheel cylinder where the moisture is literally squeegeed into the brake fluid by the rubber piston cup.

The brake system is a complex network of parts and connections. Over time, microscopic gaps can form at the joints and fittings, becoming potential entry points for moisture.

Condensation in the master cylinder reservoir causes water absorption by the brake fluid

Temperature changes can also lead to condensation within the brake system. When your vehicle is not in use, especially in colder climates, condensation can form and introduce moisture into the brake fluid.

Consequences of Moisture Contamination in Brake Fluid

Reduced Boiling Point and Reduced Braking

One of the most immediate effects of water contamination is a lowered boiling point for the brake fluid. This can lead to vapor lock, where the fluid vaporizes in the brake lines, causing a spongy brake feel and reduced stopping power.

Corrosion on metal brake components

Water can cause internal components of the brake system, like calipers, wheel cylinders, and even the master cylinder, to corrode. This not only reduces the lifespan of these parts but can also result in costly repairs.
Contaminant Build-up

Moisture in the brake fluid can react with other contaminants, leading to sludge and particle formation that can clog the delicate passages in the brake system.
Preventative Measures

Regular maintenance, including flushing and replacing brake fluid, can help minimize the adverse effects of moisture contamination. Consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual for recommended service intervals.
Conclusion

Understanding how moisture gets into your brake system is the first step in preventing its detrimental effects. Regular maintenance and inspections can go a long way in ensuring the longevity and efficiency of your braking system. So the next time you’re getting your vehicle serviced, don’t underestimate the importance of checking and replacing your brake fluid.

©, 2023 Rick Muscoplat

Posted on September 6, 2023 by Rick Muscoplat